Rhetorical Analysis Of The Emoji Movie - 1005 Words

Introduction: In the past few weeks there has been great backlash on a movie that had been released called ‘ The Emoji Movie’. Megan Garber, a staff writer at ‘ The Atlantic ‘ situated in Washington releases an article on why ‘The Emoji movie ‘ fails. The goal I want to achieve by writing this essay is to identify how the author builds the argument of the topic using different rhetorical strategies and check if the author established solid credible evidence to validate the arguments she made. Summary and Description of Rhetorical Situation: The article being discussed was released on August 4,2017 shortly after the release of the movie on July 28, 2017. Megan writes this text to explain the problems with the movie and later on supporting†¦show more content†¦It is stated that The Emoji Code condemns The Emoji movie as it portrays emojis as a language, however Evan’s views it as a tool, which is considered an addition and not a threat. The article mentions that the reason that emojis are vastly used is because of its flexibility, meaning that there is no specific way to use them. For example the writer of the emoji could use it with a certain meaning but the recipient could interpret an extremely different message. An example mentioned was when the singer Drake got a tattoo and people thought it was two hands praying or even a high five, however Drake soon addressed the situation by confirming that his tattoo was indeed praying hands. It is also mentioned t hat people have associated certain emojis to specific actions. For instance a car emoji can represent people commuting, sunglasses on a smiling face can represent coolness, a winking face can represent that the message was intended to be humorous and many more emojis have many more meanings. Initially, emojis were intended for a specific purpose, but eventually began being used for fun and a way for people to express themselves. Towards the end of the article Alex French, a reporter for The New York Times states that a popular business in Hollywood is taking existing work and converting it into a fresh story. In a recent study it was shown that the only purely

Universal Solvent Definition

Technically, a solvent is a component of a solution present in the greater amount. In contrast, solutes are present in a smaller amount. In the common usage, a solvent is a liquid that dissolves chemicals, such as solids, gases, and other liquids. Key Takeaways: Universal Solvent A universal solvent theoretically dissolves any other chemical.A true universal solvent does not exist.Water is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent. However, water only dissolves other polar molecules. It does not dissolve nonpolar molecules, including organic compounds such as fats and oils. Universal Solvent Definition A universal solvent is a substance that dissolves most chemicals. Water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other solvent. However, no solvent, including water, dissolves every chemical. Typically, like dissolves like. This mean polar solvents dissolve polar molecules, such as salts. Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar molecules such as fats and other organic compounds. Why Water Is Called the Universal Solvent Water dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent because its polar nature gives each molecule a hydophobic (water-fearing) and hydrophilic (water-loving) side. The side of the molecules with two hydrogen atoms has a slight positive electrical charge, while the oxygen atom carries a slight negative charge. The polarization lets water attract many different types of molecules. The strong attraction to ionic molecules, such as sodium chloride or salt, allows water to separate the compound into its ions. Other molecules, such as sucrose or sugar, arent torn into ions, but disperse evenly in water. Alkahest as the Universal Solvent Alkahest (sometimes spelled alcahest) is a hypothetical true universal solvent, capable of dissolving any other substance. Alchemists sought the fabled solvent, as it could dissolve gold and have useful medicinal applications. The word alkahest is believed to have been coined by Paracelsus, who based on the Arabic word alkali. Paracelsus equated alkahest with the philosophers stone. His recipe for alkahest included caustic lime, alcohol, and carbonate of potash (potassium carbonate). Paracelsus recipe could not dissolve everything. After Paracelsus, alchemist Franciscus van Helmont described the liquor alkahest, which was a sort of dissolving water that could break any material into its most basic matter. Van Helmont also wrote of sal alkali, which was a caustic potash solution in alcohol, capable of dissolving many substances. He described mixing sal alkali with olive oil to produce sweet oil, likely glycerol. While alkahest is not a universal solvent, it still finds use in the chemistry lab. Scientists use Paracelsus recipe, mixing potassium hydroxide with ethanol to clean lab glassware. The glassware is then rinsed with distilled water to leave it sparkling clean. Other Important Solvents Solvents fall into three broad categories. There are polar solvents, such as water; nonpolar solvents like acetone; and then there is mercury, a special solvent that forms an amalgam. Water is by far the most important polar solvent. There are several nonpolar organic solvents. For example, tetrachloroethylene for dry cleaning; acetors, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate for glue and nail polish; ethanol for perfume; terpenes in detergents; ether and hexane for spot remover; and a host of other solvents specific for their purpose. While pure compounds may be used as solvents, industrial solvents tend to consist of combinations of chemicals. These solvents are given alphanumeroc names. For example, Solvent 645 consists of 50% toluene, 18% butyl acetate, 12% ethyl acetate, 10% butanol, and 10% ethanol. Solvent P-14 consists of 85% xylene with 15% acetone. Solvent RFG is made with 75% ethanol and 25% butanol. Mixed solvents can affect miscibility of solutes and may improve solubility. Why There Is No Universal Solvent Alkahest, had it existed, would have posed practical problems. A substance that dissolves all others cannot be stored because the container would be dissolved. Some alchemists, including Philalethes, got around this argument by claiming alkahest would only dissolve material down to its elements. Of course, by this definition, alkahest would be unable to dissolve gold. Sources Gutmann, V. (1976). Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds. Coord. Chem. Rev. 18 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7.Leinhard, John. No.1569 Alkahest. University of Houston.Philalethes, Eirenaeus. The Secret of the Immortal Liquor Called Alkahest or Ignis-AquaTinoco, Ignacio; Sauer, Kenneth and Wang, James C. (2002) Physical Chemistry. Prentice Hall p. 134 ISBN 0-13-026607-8.

The Famine Of The Soviet Union - 2553 Words

Between the years of 1932 and 1933, an estimated 4 to 5 million Ukrainians perished in a famine unprecedented during peacetime. Called the Holodomor, Ukrainian for ‘death by hunger’, the famine fits into a number of other famines that occurred simultaneously in the Soviet Union including but not limited to Kazakhstan, the north caucuses, and the Urals. The famines were a consequence of Stalin’s first 5 year plan, which called for mass collectivization and nationalization of industry with the intention of ushering forth rapid industrialization. Industrialization was prioritized in order to bring the Soviet Union in line with Marx’s dialectal history, according to which worldwide Communist Revolution can only be spearheaded by†¦show more content†¦The famine too was an assault on Ukraine’s rising nationalism, which threatened to remove the country from Soviet influence and thus undermine the Party as Stalin saw it. Thus, in those few months d uring which millions died, not only was the traditional Ukrainian village effectively destroyed, but much of Ukraine’s political and cultural elite were purged. Moreover, Russian settlers were brought in to repopulate the *devastated countryside, altering the country’s ethnic makeup. Take together, these factors severely retarded the country’s nation-building and nationalist ambitions, and it would not be until 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union that the country would achieve independence. In this paper I will describe the events which led up to the famine, the famine itself, the subsequent Russification of Ukraine, the extent of Stalin’s knowledge and intentions toward Ukraine, explanations for the famine including the role of ideology and the importance of individual personalities, outside reactions from foreign nations and journalists, and the famine’s lasting impact. For much of its history, Ukraine had been under the control of larger powers. Before and during WWI, parts of modern Ukraine were under the control of the Russian Empire and other parts were under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There were multiple attempts at independence during the

The Career Of A Nursing Profession - 876 Words

Even though a nursing profession is a time consuming and stressful career, the longing and desire to be a nurse has always remained in me. There are many different professions in the medical field that I considered at one point and worked different jobs. The passion I have for nursing has flourished because of this life changing opportunity that is being given to me. Through the Vocational Nursing Program, I will be able to receive the education to be able to provide care for my community and fulfill my calling. All my life nurses have surrounded me. My mother was diagnosed with Hodgkin Disease while I was in the womb. She spent most of her early motherhood life in a Galveston, TX hospital. I also, in 2006 was diagnosed with cervical cancer and was given the proper care to battle the cancer and become a survivor. The flourishing of my desire for nursing was also very clear when I experienced how to care for another person. My cousin who has different disabilities has been ill since an infant. All her life I have cared for her when I could and met numerous of nurses who are by her side twenty-four seven. The surrounding of nurses and their environment that I have been exposed to, has assured me that this desire I have to further my education in this pathway is the right choice. I hope to attain the proper education to gain closeness to the people in my community through this profession that I have a strong desire for. To fulfill my one-year commitment to the VocationalShow MoreRelatedThe Career And Profession Of Nursing1864 Words   |  8 Pageshistory of nursing, it has been most closely associated with being a field or profession for women. However, men have played a significant role in the history of nursing, though this is not as discussed or taught about nearly as frequently as other female figures in history, such as Florence Nightingale. Men have had a firm presence since the very beginnings of this profession, dating as far back as the times of the bubonic plague. In addition, men also had their beginnings in nursing with religiousRead MoreLife And Career Of The Nursing Profession1531 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped his passion for nursing during the first world war, then in 1918 he entered the nursing school of the armed forces of the United States, graduating in 1921; where a nurse takes a job payroll Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service, New York. After 1929 he worked as a teacher su pervisor at a hospital in Rochester, New York. After 1929 he worked as a teacher supervisor at a hospital in Rochester, New York. Henderson was one of the most important in the field of nursing Theorists; she dedicatedRead MoreA Look At The Career Progression For The Nursing Profession1307 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Novice to Expert Catherine R. Brickey University of South Carolina Upstate Abstract A nursing theory allows the nursing profession to define and differentiate nursing care practice from other professional disciplines. The work of Patricia Benner has been crucial in setting a stage to standardize education and career progression for the nursing profession. The nursing care practice has been changing exponentially since the development of the theory From Novice to Expert. ItRead MoreWhy Nursing Is A Great Career Choice1608 Words   |  7 PagesWhy nursing is a great career choice As a college student awaiting to graduate and start my career, the nursing field I find is one of the best career choices to choose from. Nursing is known to be a main consideration to young people today when entering the medical field. Nursing has a wide variety of options and different positions for anyone. Nursing is sometimes looked at as an unimportant job, or just a person who helps the doctors above them. In fact nursing has an abundance of definitionsRead MoreNursing Professionalism Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Nursing Professionalism? Cathy Soto Nursing 408 Transitions in Professional Nursing Linda Jacobson 9/21/2011 Abstract According to Maister (1997) true professionalism means the pursuit of excellence, not just competence. Nurses must be competent in their pursuit of excellence. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Position Statement, rapidly expanding clinical knowledge and mounting complexities in health care mandate that professional nurses possessRead MoreNursing As A Career1568 Words   |  7 PagesPrice, Hall, Angus and Peter (2013) â€Å"Nursing is described as a beautiful, rewarding and motivating career followed with an acknowledgement that nurses are underappreciated.† (p.7) Nursing is a profession that is organized and abides by a code of ethics where the individual is expected to honour these implementations. Nurses spend their career saving and promoting life and one of the most significant parts of being a nurse is to be a patient advocate. Nursing students tend to frequently enter theirRead MoreThe Barriers Of Professionalism : A Discussion Of The C ontributing Factors1743 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many barriers in the nursing profession. The many factors that contribute to these limitations have been noticed for centuries, such as the educational standards which were set forth by Isabel Hampton Robb in 1893. Robb set the standards of nursing education and formalized a curriculum (Black, 2014). Today we face several challenges and educational barriers. An important concept within the nursing profession that affects many is the issue of education. Nursing achievements and requirementsRead MoreThe Baccalaureate Degree: A Requirement for Entry Level Nursing Practice866 Words   |  3 Pages Unifying the educational background of nurses is important for presenting a well-structured and strong profession. Since the American Nurses Association developed its stance in the Nursing’s Social Policy Statement in 1995 (Bishop, DiMattio, Fields, and Jacobs, 1998, p.225), the debate over the educational requirement for entry into nursing practice is still an issue to this day. As of now, the educational requirement to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses isRead MoreThe American Healthcare System Is Severely Impacted By The Shortage Of Nursing Personnel Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagessystem is severely impacted by the shortage of nursing personnel. According to the American Nurses Association (2014), the nursing shortage has compromised patient safety, patient care and patient health outcomes . The nursing shortage can also cause medical errors, result in fatigue, injury and job dissatisfaction. The nursing shortage has been influenced by several factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that influence nursing shortage in the U.S, present two strategies toRead MoreNursing As A Profession And The Ideal Public Perception1132 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: NURSING AS A PROFESSION Nursing as a Profession and the Ideal Public Perception Nakeya Barksdale Texas State University NURSING AS A PROFESSION Nursing As a Profession and the Ideal Public Perception Multidimensional and profound, taking on a nursing career is more than simply acquiring an occupation. As explained by Shwartz (1904), â€Å"Nursing should always be spoken of and looked upon as a profession† (p. 834). What is a profession? â€Å"A profession is responsible

Stench of Kerosene Free Essays

ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT Name:-Prashant Kumar Corse:-B. A. ECO 1st year Q:-Amrita Pritam’s story is a realistic and unbiased depiction of social relation in rural India . We will write a custom essay sample on Stench of Kerosene or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discuss. Ans:-â€Å"Stench of kerosene† by Amrita pritam is a depiction of our social construction of society which deals with woman condition and social stigma and belief. It discusses relation between mother –son, husband-wife in rural India. It pictures poignant indictment of marriage that still exists in Indian villages. It has portrayed marriage as an act of producing children in domestic front which exists till now. It has figured woman as a machine for manufacturing young ones. And in some stance it shows the patriarchal view. In the first section of story Guleri seems very involved in her life . she was a good daughter and a good wife. Manek loved him very much but due to the dominance of her mother he was not able to overcome the echelon of suppression. Manek’s mother authoritarian figure in the whole story has come upon in a dominant manner. She is the decision maker of the family which we do not find generally in Indian rural households. Often in rural India women is subjugated and oppressed and are not given the proper due. You have been away for a long time’ exclaimed his mother ‘Did you all the way to chamba? ’ This line clearly depicts how her mother reins her house. She always seems to keep manek under her control. To this manek replied with heavy tone ‘Not all the way to the top of the hill’ His heavy tone was the sign of his awareness that his mother is going to tie his not with another woman since guleri was not able to bore even a single child. This non acceptance of the disability to bear a single child clearly illustrates that woman in society even in the urban field is only supposed to produce children’s. Also the decision of manek‘s second marriage was taken without the consent of Guleri. This cast a shadow of importance given to the women even also when the decision is related to the innermost facets of their life. Here the subjugation of women can be easily drawn out. And when his mother again says that ‘Why do you croak like an old woman’? â€Å"Be a man† Portrays how a man should be and displays the patriarchy of the society i. e. showing the masculinity to the inferior sex on social grounds. Guleri was not able to accept that manek has married again. She loved him so much that it seemed end of the world for her. Since the person she believed most, deceived her {even under pressure from his mother} has closed all the door of reconciliation with the manek . It truly cut her from the very core of heart . And that lead to immolation to show her faithfulness towards her love by sprinkling kerosene on herself. This step does not show that it has come totally on her own will , here she also fears from the society of her non- acceptance. That she might be ostracised from the society since her husband has abandoned her due to her infertileness. This story seems realistic here that has now got embed in social practise in the rural India. Manek affection towards Guleri was there till the very end of the story but he was not able to put up his feelings that he will not able to forget her throughout his life, in front of her mother. His unbiasedness towards Guleri reflects when he shouts â€Å"take him away! He stinks of kerosene†. Here kerosene which is used for inflammable purpose reminds him of his dead beloved wife Guleri. This illustrate his immense love and devotion that is buried deep inside his heart which often comes out which is the proof that he was wrong. He did not oppose his own mother in taking such decision. This story is very realistic on grounds of Guleri’s immolation, Manek’s second marriage. But taking the role of his mother that does not seems much realistic. Since generally the patriarchal form of family exists in the rural households. And all the decision of the house are taken by the male member of the family. Woman has very less or no says at all in the decision process. And taking note of the relationship, the kind of relation between Guleri and his husband Manek seems unbiased since the love persists even after the suicide of Guleri which often reflects in the habits of Manek. How to cite Stench of Kerosene, Essay examples

Modern American culture Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Modern American culture Argumentative Essay Instead we rely on a type of congruity between the symbolic interpretations of the brand and celebrity. Of course, the advertiser and ad agency hope they have achieved the desired effects in this expensive pas de duex. In short, by buying the product or service, we vicariously adopt and assimilate some desirable trait we admire in the celebrity. Their behavior patterns, whether real or scripted are transmitted into our behaviors and/or thoughts. In the instances where campaigns are enormously successful and influential, they become a part of popular culture effecting everything from playground antics to record sales (e.g. the annoyingly popular WASSUP? which originated in a Budweiser beer commercial). Primal Urges, Corporate Profits and the Need to Understand What Makes Us Tick In 1947, Fortune magazine ran an article on the perennial advertising agency, J. Walter Thompson Company, which bears the namesake of its founder. The article stated that the primary cultural function of advertising was the creation of new and daring, but fulfillable (sic), consumer demands; demands that would not occur if advertising did not deliberately incite them. (Frank, pg.49) Since that time, advertising has become somewhat more of a cultural barometer to measure and forecast trends and behavior patterns. Yet underlying it all, no matter what school of thought you subscribe to in this classic chicken and egg argument, is advertisings fundamental need to understanding human nature in order to be successful. And because success is typically measured in sales, the populist view of advertisings role becomes irrelevant as long as advertising remains an investment for the corporate sponsors, not a liability. Underscoring human nature is the sum of our behaviors, thoughts and beliefs, which are by definition what makes up part of our culture. In addition, our incendiary disposition has sparked much debate and verve for many things political, religious and in terms of advertisings influence, fiscal. This is perhaps why the process of making an effective ad becomes more a discipline of psychology than one of qualitative or quantitative science. Intuition is impossible to measure, and even harder to diagram on a pie chart. A serendipitous concept idea, borne at two oclock in the morning, may launch a windfall and a career. By contrast, using focus groups to test ad campaigns can sterilize an idea reducing it to mediocrity. Whereas an ad that stems from a brilliant idea, masterfully crafted, moves us as a form of art might. Matter of fact, it was this concept of raising advertising to an art form, with a newly found respect for the consumer that made ads developed during the Creative Revolution in the 1960s so endearing and enduring. Again, Bill Bernbach imparts his wisdom,At the heart of an effective creative philosophy is the belief that nothing so powerful as an insight into human nature, what compulsions drive a man, what instincts dominate his action, even though his language so often camouflages what really motivates him. (Bill Bernbach) Bernbach knew that Americans, especially at the start of the 1960s, were inherently conservative and logical in the buying process. And he also knew the power of emotion conveyed in advertising could cut through all the superficiality. However, all the emotion in an ad was wasted if it was saying something that was not important, persuasive and credible. The key, Bernbach asserted, was listening to the consumer. And in order to listen, one had to know what touched and moved people. Gimmicks and cute slogans gave way to enduring product truths that found their humanity by fulfilling our unspoken needs and desires. The tame and sedate culture of the 1950s was evident in its ads. Conversely, the 1960s gave way to empowered ad copy that reflected the move away from inhibitions and societal constraints. Slogans such as Youve Come a Long Way Baby stemmed from the burgeoning Womens movement (Bond Kirshenbaum, pg.66), while earlier ads focused on a womans strive for domestic bliss. .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .postImageUrl , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:hover , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:visited , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:active { border:0!important; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:active , .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5 .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83b94047990c02f12cbf93e48b6171b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find EssayFor instance, an ad seen in Life Magazine, circa 1949 for Hoover vacuums begins with the headline She would like one of these for Christmas and goes on to tell the reader Shell be happier with a Hoover ? so make her happier this Christmas (LIFE, pg. 137). The headlines have changed over the years, yet they still remain small tokens of how we measure worth and success. Conclusion Like opening a time capsule, one might be able to infer many of our idiosyncrasies and buying habits just by skimming the ads in a single issue of LOOK or LIFE magazine. Our culture was distilled down to simple visuals and a few key words whose lasting impact defies the most logical of explanations. From the specter of nuclear war conveyed in President Lyndon Johnsons famous 1964 Daisy Girl commercial, to the durability of the Golden Arches, Americans began to experience the power of brand as precursor to the coming Information Age. The culture we see around us today has largely been built by a marketing machine that thrives on branding almost every visible space of real estate. From Coke? and Pepsi?in the halls of our schools, to the latest blockbuster movie tie-in, we are, at best, pushing our own limits of information overload. Marshall McLuhans medium has seemingly become both infinite and indefatigable. Marshall McLuhans seminal work on mass media, developed during his career as an educator and communications theorist, brought phrases such as global village and the medium is the message into the vernacular of everyday life. In closing, his following quote sums up advertisings influence on our culture succinctly, requiring no further comment. Historians and archeologists will one day discover that the ads of our time are the richest and most faithful daily reflections any society ever made of its whole range of activities. (Marshall McLuhan) Works Cited Books Frank, Thomas, The Conquest of Cool Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997 Bond, Jonathan ; Kirshenbaum, Richard, Under the Radar-Talking to Todays Cynical Consumer John Wiley Sons, Inc. 1998 Sullivan, Luke, Hey Whipple, Squeeze This-A Guide to Creating Great Ads John Wiley Sons, Inc. 1998 Belch, George Belch, Michael, Introduction to Advertising and Promotion-An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. Zwettler, Rob, Second Edition, Richard D. Irwin, Inc. , 1993 Online/Internet The Advertising Century, Klein, David-Group Editor, Donaton, Scott-Editor Advertising Age, downloaded: 23 October 2001, http://adage. com/century/people/people001. html The CLIO Awards Web Site (site no longer carries the link of the original documents downloaded in 2001) http://www. clioawards. com/html/main. isx Merriam-Webster Online Downloaded: 4 April 2002, http://www. m-w. com/cgi-bin/dictionary Dictionary. com Downloaded: 4 April 2002, http://www. dictionary. com/search? q=culture Periodicals LIFE, 5 December 1949: page 137.